Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Since the invention of computer or machines, their capability to perform various tasks went on growing exponentially. Humans have developed the power of computer systems in terms of their diverse working domains, their increasing speed, and reducing size with respect to time.

A branch of computer Science named Artificial Intelligence purses creating the computers or machines as intelligent as human beings.

What is Artificial Intelligence ??

According to father of Artificial Intelligence (AI) John McCarthy, it is "The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs".

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, learn, decide, and work while trying to solve a problem, and then using the outcomes of this study as a basis of developing intelligent software and systems.

Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

While exploiting the power of the computer systems, the curiosity of human, lead him to wonder, "can a machine think and behave like humans do?"

Thus the development of AI started with the intention of creating similar intelligence in machines that we find and regard high in humans.

Goals of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• To Create Expert System:- The system which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advice its users.
• To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines:- Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like humans.

What contributes to Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence is a science and technology based on disciplines such as Computer Science, Biology, Psychology, Linguistics, Mathematics, and Engineering. A major thrust of AI is in the development of computer functions associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning and problem solving.

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technique??

In the real world, the knowledge has some unwelcomed properties:

• Its volume is huge, next to unimaginable.
• It is not well-organized or well-formatted.
• Its keeps changing constantly.

AI Technique is manner to organize and use the knowledge efficiently in such a way that:

• It should be perceivable by the people who provide it.
• It should be easily modifiable to correct errors.
• It should be useful in many situations though it is incomplete or inaccurate.

AI technique elevate the speed of execution of the complex program it is equipped with.

Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence has been dominate in various field such as:

• Gaming
  AI play crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc. Where machine can think of large number of possible positions based on heuristic knowledge.
• Natural language processing
  It is possible to interact with the computer that understands natural language spoken by humans.
• Expert System
  There are some applications which integrate machine, software, and special information to impart reasoning and advising. They provide explanation and advice to the users.
• Vision System 
  These systems understand, interpret, and comprehend visual input on the computer.
  For Example:-
   A spying airplane takes photographs which are used to figure out spatial information or map of the areas.
  Doctor use clinical expert system to diagnose the patient.
   Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored            portrait made by forensic artist.
  
• Speech recognition
  Some intelligent system are capable of hearing and comprehending the language in the terms of sentences and their meaning while a human talks to it. It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the background, change in human's noise due to cold, etc.
• Handwriting Recognition
  The handwriting recognition software reads text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can recognize the shapes of the letters and convert it into editable text.
• Intelligent Robots
  Robots are able to perform the task given by a human. They have sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump. and pressure. They have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. In addition, They are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.